Senator Helen Coonan has isolated the problem; but her solution misses the point.
Senator Coonan, the deputy government whip in the Senate, put forward last week a very thoughtful speech about the minor parties having too much power in the Senate. She is right. They do have too much power. As it happens, the Howard Government’s experience is the first to reveal the severe constitutional problems of the present arrangements. Proportional representation in 1948 gave minor parties the first chance to get representation in the Senate. And a good thing too. As Coonan recognised they have a legitimate role. In 1984 the size of the Senate was increased, as the Constitution requires, to accommodate an increase in the size of the House of Representatives. Since then there have been 12 senators per state, requiring a quota of 14.3 per cent of the vote (after preferences have been distributed)_ to get a seat. In practice, some candidates with fewer than 8 per cent of the primary vote have got seats.
Since 1984 minor parties and independents have always held the balance of power and under present arrangements they always will. From 1984 to 1996 the minor parties, dominated by the Democrats and Greens had a philosophical affinity with Labor, so the Labor Government was not fundamentally frustrated by them. Even so, Labor screamed about the slightest amendment to its will. Prime Minister Paul Keating described the Senate as unrepresentative swill, when he didn’t get his way. The Howard Government has had a rougher trot. Although numerically nearly all its Bills have got through unscathed, big ticket items have been knocked back, at it is the big-ticket items that count.
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